不同类型催化剂对异丁烯齐聚反应过程的影响

采用固定床反应器分别探究了三类催化剂（固体磷酸催化剂、酸性阳离子交换树脂催化剂以及分子筛催化剂）对异丁烯齐聚过程的影响。实验结果表明：固体磷酸催化剂适用于C₈烯烃的生产，酸性阳离子树脂催化剂及改性的分子筛催化剂（Hβ）适合生产C₁₂烯烃。异丁烯齐聚产物C₈～C₁₆（清洁燃料油）因无芳烃、无硫，在石化工业中具有非常广泛的应用潜力；由三种类催化剂的评价结果来看，C₈～C₁₆的选择性最高时均能接近100%，但是固体磷酸催化剂和酸性阳离子树脂催化剂的异丁烯原料转化率比Hβ分子筛催化剂低，Hβ催化作用下异丁烯转化率可以达到88%。     

One-pot synthesis of silver nanoparticle catalysts supported on N-doped ordered mesoporous carbon and application in the detection of nitrobenzene

Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) supported on nitrogen-doped ordered mesoporous carbon (N-OMC) were fabricated by one-pot synthesis strategy, in which 2D hexagonally ordered mesoporous SBA-15 and aniline were used as template and carbon precursor, respectively. Furthermore, the as-prepared composite of Ag NPs supported on N-OMC (Ag NPs/N-OMC) as electrochemical sensor towards the reduction of nitrobenzene (NB) was investigated, which displayed high sensitivity, fast response and good stability. The peak current of NB increased linearly with the concentration of NB in the range from 6.62 × 10⁻⁸ to 2.60 × 10⁻⁷ mol/L and 7.97 × 10⁻⁷ to 1.12 × 10⁻⁶ mol/L, and the low detection limit of 6.61 × 10⁻⁹ mol/L (S/N = 3) was obtained. Therefore, this work provides a new pathway to design and fabricate novel N-OMC composites, which have unique characteristics and hold numerous applications in the fields of sensors, electrocatalysis and others.     

硅橡胶硫化体系研究进展

从传统硫化体系的优化和新型硫化体系的开发两方面系统综述了硅橡胶硫化体系的研究进展,分析了有机过氧化物硫化体系的优缺点、催化剂和抑制剂对硅氢加成硫化体系的影响,以及交联剂和催化剂对官能团缩合硫化体系的影响,简要介绍了包括辐射引发硫化体系、光引发硫化体系、基于点击化学的硫化体系和可逆共价（非共价）硫化体系等在内的新型硫化体系,最后对硅橡胶硫化体系未来的发展方向提出了建议。     

Insights into the confinement effect on isobutane alkylation with C4 olefin catalyzed by zeolite catalyst: A combined theoretical and experimental study

Elucidating the confinement effect harbours tremendous significance for isobutane alkylation with C₄ olefin. Herein, the confinement effect over zeolite catalysts was elucidated by combining DFT calculations, experiments (using the novel Beta zeolite exposing only external surfaces (Beta-E) and conventional Beta-I zeolite with both external and internal surfaces) and multi-techniques (e.g., TGA-DTG, HRTEM, SEM and XRD). It is found that the main active sites for C₄ alkylation reaction are located on internal surface rather than external surface. On the external surface, the hydride transfer reaction does not occur because the H-shared intermediate cannot be formed without the confinement effect. Moreover, the external surface has stronger selectivity for C₄ olefin adsorption than isobutane, leading to enhanced oligomerization reactions. Therefore, the suitable micropore with confinement effect is essential for zeolite-catalyzed C₄ alkylation. The atomic-scale insights of this work are of great referential importance to the design of highly effective zeolite catalyst.     

Effect of NaCl on the properties of Eu-doped Ca-α-SiAlON phosphors prepared by combustion synthesis

Eu-doped Ca-α-SiAlON phosphors, featuring high phase purity, uniform particle size of 3–5 μm and good luminescent properties with a yellow emission spectrum under blue light excitation, were prepared by a highly efficient combustion synthesis (CS) method. A certain amount of NaCl was applied as an innovative additive to regulate and control the properties of synthesized phosphors. Further, the effects of NaCl additive in the CS system were systematically investigated and rational proposed. It was found that the effect on accelerating nitridation and crystallization played a dominant role in the reaction as the content of NaCl was less than 6 wt%, while the effect of absorbing reaction heat through vaporization was dominant with the further-increased content of NaCl. The intensity of the emission spectrum for the sample doped with 6 wt% of NaCl was remarkably enhanced, nearly 40% more than the sample which was not NaCl-doped. Moreover, a continuous blue-shift phenomenon in emission spectra was observed with the increased content of NaCl.     

Photoluminescent properties of LiInO2 nanocrystals

Synthesis and luminescence properties of LiInO₂ nanocrystals by the sol–gel process were investigated. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence spectroscopy and absorption spectra. The well-crystallized tetragonal LiInO₂ can be obtained by heat treatment above 600 °C from XRD. The excitation wavelengths at about 246 nm were associated with charge transfer between In and O with In³⁺ ions in octahedral coordination. The PL spectra excited at 246 nm have a broad and strong emission band maximum at 391 nm, corresponding to the self-activated luminescence. The optical absorption spectra of the 600 °C sample exhibited the band gap energies of 3.7 eV.     

Mechanical and barrier properties of MOCVD processed alumina coatings on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy

This study focuses on the implementation of different aluminum oxide coatings processed by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition from aluminum tri-isopropoxide on commercial Ti6Al4V titanium alloy to improve its high temperature corrosion resistance. Films grown at 350 °C and at 480 °C are amorphous and correspond to formulas AlOOH, and Al₂O₃, respectively. Those deposited at 700 °C are composed of γ-Al₂O₃ nanocrystals dispersed in a matrix of amorphous alumina. Their mechanical properties and adhesion to the substrates were investigated by indentation, scratch and micro tensile tests. Hardness and rigidity of the films increase with increasing deposition temperature. The hardness of the coatings prepared at 350 °C and 480 °C is 5.8 ± 0.7 GPa and 10.8 ± 0.8 GPa respectively. Their Young's modulus is 92 ± 8 GPa (350 °C) and 155 ± 6 GPa (480 °C). Scratch tests cause adhesive failures of the films grown at 350 °C and 480 °C whereas cohesive failure is observed for the nanocrystalline one, grown at 700 °C. Micro tensile tests show a more progressive cracking of the latter films than on the amorphous ones. The films allow maintaining good mechanical properties after corrosion with NaCl deposit during 100 h at 450 °C. After corrosion test only the film deposited at 700 °C yields an elongation at break comparable to that of the as processed samples without corrosion. The as established processing–structure–properties relation paves the way to engineer MOCVD aluminum oxide complex coatings which meet the specifications of the high temperature corrosion protection of titanium alloys with regard to the targeted applications.     

Band gap engineering by substitution of S by Se in nanostructured CdS1−xSex thin films grown by soft chemical route for photosensor application

Ternary alloys of CdS_1−xSe_x (x=0, x=0.2, x=0.4, x=0.6, x=0.8, x=1) thin films were prepared on to glass substrates by a simple and economical soft chemical route (chemical bath deposition) at 50° to 80 °C in air. The as-grown films were characterized by optical and electrical measurement systems, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The optical study reveals shift in the absorption edge towards the higher wavelengths, i.e. the band gap decreases as a function of ‘x’ (quantity of selenium in the bath). I–V measurement of CdS (resulted when x=0), CdS_1−xSe_x (x=0.2, x=0.4, x=0.6, x=0.8) and CdSe (resulted when x=1) thin films under dark and illumination conditions (60 W) were measured. Increase in photoconductivity is observed, suggesting its applicability in photosensor devices. Electrical resistivity shows semiconducting behavior and activation energy decreases. The XRD patterns reveals that deposited thin films have hexagonal mixed structure. EDAX confirmed the compositional parameters. SEM images showed uniform deposition of the material over the entire glass substrate.     

Analysis of PFPE lubricating film in NEMS application via molecular dynamics simulation

Interfacial lubrication plays an important role in the functional performance of nanoelectrome-chanical (NEMS) systems. Here, we used molecular dynamics simulation to analyze the lubricating effect of a perfluoropolyether (PFPE) film to reveal the mechanism behind our experimental observations and understand the performance of the film. There was good agreement in the trends of the coefficients of friction between our simulation results and experimental characterizations. By studying the atomic motion, interfacial mechanics and polymer chain deformation, we found that PFPE films provide good lubrication because their linear flowability promotes surface reconstruction. Our simulations suggest that a high performance lubricant film needs to have low resistance to shear deformation, possess high linear flowability, promote surface reconstruction and adhere effectively to the substrates.     

地沟油脱色方法研究进展

介绍了地沟油的概念及危害,对活性炭、活性白土等吸附脱色方法及氧化脱色方法进行了综述,总结了这些方法的优缺点。